抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)：Porter等對(dui)(dui)血清(qing)IgG抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)證明：Ig分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本結(jie)構(gou)是(shi)(shi)由(you)四肽(tai)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。即：由(you)二(er)(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)肽(tai)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(輕(qing)(qing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian))和(he)(he)二(er)(er)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肽(tai)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(重(zhong)(zhong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian))組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。輕(qing)(qing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)與重(zhong)(zhong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)由(you)二(er)(er)硫(liu)鍵(jian)連(lian)接形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)四肽(tai)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)Ig分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)；單體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所有免(mian)疫球蛋白分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本結(jie)構(gou)；所有抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)都是(shi)(shi)四條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)肽(tai)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)稱結(jie)構(gou)，即：兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)糖(tang)基化重(zhong)(zhong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(H)和(he)(he)兩條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)非(fei)糖(tang)基化輕(qing)(qing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(L)；每條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)重(zhong)(zhong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)輕(qing)(qing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)氨基端(N端)和(he)(he)羧基端(C端)。輕(qing)(qing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)1、輕(qing)(qing)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)（light chain，L鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)）由(you)214個(ge)氨基酸(suan)殘(can)基組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，通常不(bu)含碳水(shui)化合物，分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)24kD，有兩個(ge)由(you)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)內二(er)(er)硫(liu)鍵(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環肽(tai)，L鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)：Kappa（κ）與 lambda（λ）2個(ge)亞型。2、重(zhong)(zhong)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)（heavy chain，H鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)）由(you)450-550個(ge)氨基酸(suan)殘(can)基組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)量(liang)55-75kD，含糖(tang)數(shu)量(liang)不(bu)同，4-5個(ge)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)內二(er)(er)硫(liu)鍵(jian)，可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5類，μ、γ、α、δ、ε鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)H鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)與L鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)（κ或λ）組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Ig分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)。分(fen)(fen)別稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)：IgM，IgG，IgA，IgD和(he)(he)IgE。抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)按(an)其(qi)反(fan)應形(xing)式分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)凝(ning)集素(su)、沉降素(su)、抗(kang)(kang)毒、溶解素(su)、調理素(su)、中和(he)(he)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、補體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)結(jie)合抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)等。安(an)徽多(duo)克隆(long)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)報(bao)價

抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)（antibody，Ab）：是(shi)由抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)進入(ru)機體(ti)刺(ci)激B細(xi)胞分化增(zeng)殖為漿細(xi)胞而合成(cheng)并分泌(mi)的(de)(de)一類能與相應抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)特異(yi)性(xing)結合并產生(sheng)(sheng)免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)效應的(de)(de)含有(you)糖基的(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)。抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)分布于(yu)(yu)體(ti)液(ye)（血(xue)(xue)液(ye)、組織液(ye)及(ji)粘膜的(de)(de)外分泌(mi)液(ye)）中，主要存在于(yu)(yu)血(xue)(xue)清內。1964年世界(jie)衛生(sheng)(sheng)組織召(zhao)開會議，將具有(you)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)活性(xing)及(ji)化學結構與抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)相似的(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)統稱為免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)球(qiu)(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)（immunoglobulin，Ig）。免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)球(qiu)(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)除(chu)分布于(yu)(yu)體(ti)液(ye)中之外，還可存在于(yu)(yu)B細(xi)胞膜上。現代免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)學認為，抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)與免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)球(qiu)(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)是(shi)等同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)概(gai)念；只(zhi)是(shi)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)側(ce)重于(yu)(yu)其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學活性(xing)的(de)(de)描述，而免(mian)(mian)疫(yi)球(qiu)(qiu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)側(ce)重強調(diao)其(qi)化學結構。浙江異(yi)種抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)產廠家由于(yu)(yu)多克隆(long)(long)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)來源于(yu)(yu)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)細(xi)胞克隆(long)(long)，其(qi)親(qin)和力和特異(yi)性(xing)可能會有(you)所不同(tong)(tong)。

抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)的分(fen)(fen)類：1、免疫(yi)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為兩種(zhong)類型：（1）分(fen)(fen)泌性(xing)(xing)免疫(yi)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)：存在于血清(qing)、體(ti)液(ye)以(yi)及分(fen)(fen)泌液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，具有(you)(you)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)的各(ge)種(zhong)功(gong)能。（2）膜型免疫(yi)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)：位于B淋巴細(xi)胞的表面，即(ji)膜表面免疫(yi)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)（mIg），是B淋巴細(xi)胞的抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識別受體(ti)（BCR）。2、根據(ju)所對應的抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)(fen)：3、根據(ju)有(you)(you)無抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)刺激分(fen)(fen)：4、根據(ju)與抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)反應的性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)：5、根據(ju)抗(kang)(kang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)：免疫(yi)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)的理化性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)；免疫(yi)球(qiu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)是多鏈糖蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)，具有(you)(you)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的通性(xing)(xing)，對物(wu)理及化學因(yin)素敏感(gan)，不耐熱，在60～70℃時即(ji)被破(po)壞(huai)，能被多種(zhong)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)水解酶裂解破(po)壞(huai)，可(ke)在乙(yi)醇、三氯醋酸(suan)或中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沉淀。因(yin)此，通常(chang)用50%飽和硫酸(suan)銨或硫酸(suan)鈉(na)從免疫(yi)血清(qing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提取抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)。

IgE主要來源于呼吸道(dao)、消化(hua)道(dao)黏膜下的(de)漿細胞，是一種(zhong)(zhong)親細胞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抗體，與(yu)反應(ying)、寄(ji)生蟲病與(yu)皮膚過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏有關。另有一種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)與(yu)某(mou)種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏原特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)結合的(de)IgE，稱特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)IgE，對過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)喘癥(zheng)的(de)診(zhen)斷(duan)，其特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強、敏感(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高，對尋(xun)找變應(ying)原有重要意義。血清(qing)(qing)免疫球蛋白E(IgE) 正常值為0.1-0.9mg/L。總(zong)IgE強陽性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)IgE陰性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。異(yi)(yi)(yi)常結果：血清(qing)(qing)中過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏原特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)IgE水平只能(neng)說(shuo)明個體對已測(ce)(ce)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏原的(de)敏感(gan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。但不能(neng)只依靠(kao)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)血清(qing)(qing)中的(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏原特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)IgE水平，而(er)必(bi)須結合臨床病史和(he)其它診(zhen)斷(duan)手(shou)段才能(neng)確(que)診(zhen)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏癥(zheng)。　需要檢(jian)查的(de)人群：患者(zhe)屬(shu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體質，對過(guo)(guo)(guo)敏原特(te)(te)異(yi)(yi)(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)項不敏感(gan)。單克隆抗體可以用于診(zhen)斷(duan)和(he)調理多種(zhong)(zhong)疾病。

免疫(yi)動物是用目的抗(kang)原(yuan)免疫(yi)小鼠，使(shi)小鼠產生致敏B淋巴細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的 過(guo)程。 一般選用6-8周齡(ling)雌性(xing)BALB/c小鼠，按(an)照預先制定(ding)(ding)的免疫(yi)方案(an)進行免疫(yi)注射。 抗(kang)原(yuan)通過(guo)血液(ye)循環或淋巴循環進入(ru)外周免疫(yi)部位，刺激相應(ying)B淋巴細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)克(ke)隆，使(shi)其(qi)活化、增殖(zhi)，并分化成為致敏B淋巴細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)。細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)合采用二(er)氧化碳氣體處死小鼠，無菌(jun)操作(zuo)取(qu)出脾(pi)臟，在平皿內擠壓研磨，制備脾(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)懸液(ye)。 將(jiang)準(zhun)備好的同系骨髓瘤(liu)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)與小鼠脾(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)按(an)一定(ding)(ding)比例(li)混合，并加入(ru)促融(rong)合劑(ji)聚乙(yi)二(er)醇(chun)。在聚乙(yi)二(er)醇(chun)作(zuo)用下(xia)，各種淋巴細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)可與骨髓瘤(liu)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)發(fa)生融(rong)合，形成雜交(jiao)瘤(liu)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)。單克(ke)隆抗(kang)體可以高度特異(yi)性(xing)地與特定(ding)(ding)抗(kang)原(yuan)結合。安徽多(duo)克(ke)隆抗(kang)體報價

特定的抗(kang)體可以用(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)備特異性(xing)的試劑盒，用(yong)于(yu)檢測特定病原體或(huo)標(biao)志(zhi)物。安徽多克隆(long)抗(kang)體報(bao)價

血(xue)型(xing)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)般分為二類：天然抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和免(mian)疫(yi)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，一(yi)般天然抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是IgM，免(mian)疫(yi)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)是IgG。①IgM類抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在鹽(yan)水(shui)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)能(neng)夠(gou)凝集具有(you)相應抗(kang)(kang)原的紅細(xi)胞(bao)，這類抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)主要是ABO以及P、MN、Lewis抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，常(chang)為天然抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。能(neng)啟(qi)動補體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，發(fa)生血(xue)管(guan)內溶血(xue)。此類抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)能(neng)透過(guo)(guo)胎盤，且其合理(li)反(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)度為4℃ 所(suo)以又叫冷抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。②IgG類抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)多數(shu)情況下在鹽(yan)水(shui)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)與具有(you)相應抗(kang)(kang)原的紅細(xi)胞(bao)不(bu)發(fa)生凝集，只(zhi)有(you)在膠體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)、酶或(huo)抗(kang)(kang)球蛋白、凝聚(ju)胺介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)才發(fa)生凝集，這類抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)主要是Rh、Kidd、Duffy等血(xue)型(xing)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。通常(chang)情況通過(guo)(guo)免(mian)疫(yi)（輸血(xue)、妊娠、部位移植(zhi)）產生抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，又稱免(mian)疫(yi)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。多發(fa)生血(xue)管(guan)外溶血(xue)。此類抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)合理(li)反(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)度37℃所(suo)以又叫溫(wen)(wen)抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。安徽多克隆抗(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)報價

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